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oci_bind_array_by_name> <overload
Last updated: Mon, 26 Nov 2007

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Oracle 函数

简介

本类函数使用 Oracle Call Interface（OCI）使用户可以访问 Oracle 10，Oracle9，Oracle8 和 Oracle7 数据库。支持将 PHP 变量与 Oracle 占位符（placeholder）绑定，具有完整的 LOB，FILE 和 ROWID 支持，以及允许使用用户提供的定义变量。

需求

使用本扩展需要 Oracle 客户端库。Windows 用户需要至少版本号为 10 的库才能使用 php_oci8.dll。

安装所有所需文件最方便的方法是使用 Oracle Instant Client，可以从此处得到：» http://www.oracle.com/technology/tech/oci/instantclient/instantclient.html。要使 OCI8 模块能工作，"basic" 版的 Oracle Instant Client 已经足够。Instant Client 不需要 ORACLE_SID 或 ORACLE_HOME 环境变量被设定。不过可能还是要设定 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 和 NLS_LANG。

在使用本扩展之前，请确认已经为 Oracle 用户和 web daemon 用户正确设置了 Oracle 环境变量。这些变量应该在启动 web server 之前设定。下面列出了需要设置的环境变量：

  • ORACLE_HOME
  • ORACLE_SID
  • LD_PRELOAD
  • LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  • NLS_LANG
对于较少用到的 Oracle 环境变量例如 TNS_ADMIN，TWO_TASK，ORA_TZFILE 和各种 Oracle 全球性设定例如 ORA_NLS33，ORA_NLS10 和 NLS_* 等变量请参考 Oracle 稳当。

在为 web 服务器用户设置环境变量之后，还需要将 web 服务器用户（nobody，www）加到 oracle 组中。

Note: I如果 web 服务器不能够启动或者在启动的时候崩溃 检查 Apache 是否连接了 pthread 库： 

# ldd /www/apache/bin/httpd
    libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x4001c000)
    libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x4002f000)
    libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004c000)
    libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x4007a000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4007e000)
    /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)

如果 libpthread 没有列出，必需重新安装 Apache： 
# cd /usr/src/apache_1.3.xx
# make clean
# LIBS=-lpthread ./config.status
# make
# make install

请注意在像 UnixWare 之类的某些操作系统中，使用 libthread 代替了 libpthread。则 PHP 和 Apache 必须使用 EXTRA_LIBS=-lthread 配置。

运行时配置

这些函数的行为受 php.ini 的影响。

OCI8 Configuration Options
Name Default Changeable Changelog
oci8.privileged_connect "0" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.max_persistent "-1" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.persistent_timeout "-1" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.ping_interval "60" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.statement_cache_size "20" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.default_prefetch "10" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.
oci8.old_oci_close_semantics "0" PHP_INI_SYSTEM Available since PHP 5.1.2.

以下是配置选项的简要解释。

oci8.privileged_connect boolean

This option enables privileged connections using external credentials (OCI_SYSOPER, OCI_SYSDBA).

oci8.max_persistent int

The maximum number of persistent OCI8 connections per process. Setting this option to -1 means that there is no limit.

oci8.persistent_timeout int

The maximum length of time (in seconds) that a given process is allowed to maintain an idle persistent connection. Setting this option to -1 means that idle persistent connections will be maintained forever.

oci8.ping_interval int

The length of time (in seconds) that must pass before issuing a ping during oci_pconnect(). When set to 0, persistent connections will be pinged every time they are reused. To disable pings completely, set this option to -1.

Note: Disabling pings will cause oci_pconnect() calls to operate at the highest efficiency, but may cause PHP to not detect faulty connections, such as those caused by network partitions, or if the Oracle server has gone down since PHP connected, until later in the script. Consult the oci_pconnect() documentation for more information.

oci8.statement_cache_size int

This option enables statement caching, and specifies how many statements to cache. To disable statement caching just set this option to 0.

Note: A larger cache can result in improved performance, at the cost of increased memory usage.

oci8.default_prefetch int

This option enables statement prefetching and sets the default number of rows that will be fetched automatically after statement execution.

Note: A larger prefetch can result in improved performance, at the cost of increased memory usage.

oci8.old_oci_close_semantics boolean

This option controls oci_close() behaviour. Enabling it means that oci_close() will do nothing; the connection will not be closed until the end of the script. This is for backward compatibility only. If you find that you need to enable this setting, you are strongly encouraged to remove the oci_close() calls from your application instead of enabling this option.

预定义常量

以下常量由本扩展模块定义，因此只有在本扩展模块被编译到 PHP 中，或者在运行时被动态加载后才有效。

OCI_DEFAULT (integer)
Statement execution mode. Statement is not committed automatically when using this mode.
OCI_DESCRIBE_ONLY (integer)
Statement execution mode. Use this mode if you don't want to execute the query, but get the select-list's description.
OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS (integer)
Statement execution mode. Statement is automatically committed after oci_execute() call.
OCI_EXACT_FETCH (integer)
Statement fetch mode. Used when the application knows in advance exactly how many rows it will be fetching. This mode turns prefetching off for Oracle release 8 or later mode. Cursor is cancelled after the desired rows are fetched and may result in reduced server-side resource usage.
OCI_SYSDATE (integer)
OCI_B_BFILE (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding BFILEs.
OCI_B_CFILEE (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding CFILEs.
OCI_B_CLOB (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding CLOBs.
OCI_B_BLOB (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding BLOBs.
OCI_B_ROWID (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding ROWIDs.
OCI_B_CURSOR (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding cursors, previously allocated with oci_new_descriptor().
OCI_B_NTY (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() when binding named data types. Note: in PHP < 5.0 it was called OCI_B_SQLT_NTY.
OCI_B_BIN (integer)
SQLT_BFILEE (integer)
The same as OCI_B_BFILE.
SQLT_CFILEE (integer)
The same as OCI_B_CFILEE.
SQLT_CLOB (integer)
The same as OCI_B_CLOB.
SQLT_BLOB (integer)
The same as OCI_B_BLOB.
SQLT_RDD (integer)
The same as OCI_B_ROWID.
SQLT_NTY (integer)
The same as OCI_B_NTY.
SQLT_LNG (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() to bind LONG values.
SQLT_LBI (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() to bind LONG RAW values.
SQLT_BIN (integer)
Used with oci_bind_by_name() to bind RAW values.
SQLT_NUM (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of NUMBER.
SQLT_INT (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of INTEGER.
SQLT_AFC (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of CHAR.
SQLT_CHR (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of VARCHAR2. Also used with oci_bind_by_name().
SQLT_VCS (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of VARCHAR.
SQLT_AVC (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of CHARZ.
SQLT_STR (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of STRING.
SQLT_LVC (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of LONG VARCHAR.
SQLT_FLT (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of FLOAT.
SQLT_ODT (integer)
Used with oci_bind_array_by_name() to bind arrays of LONG.
SQLT_BDOUBLE (integer)
SQLT_BFLOAT (integer)
OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_COLUMN (integer)
Default mode of oci_fetch_all().
OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW (integer)
Alternative mode of oci_fetch_all().
OCI_ASSOC (integer)
Used with oci_fetch_all() and oci_fetch_array() to get an associative array as a result.
OCI_NUM (integer)
Used with oci_fetch_all() and oci_fetch_array() to get an enumerated array as a result.
OCI_BOTH (integer)
Used with oci_fetch_all() and oci_fetch_array() to get an array with both associative and number indices.
OCI_RETURN_NULLS (integer)
Used with oci_fetch_array() to get empty array elements if field's value is NULL.
OCI_RETURN_LOBS (integer)
Used with oci_fetch_array() to get value of LOB instead of the descriptor.
OCI_DTYPE_FILE (integer)
This flag tells oci_new_descriptor() to initialize new FILE descriptor.
OCI_DTYPE_LOB (integer)
This flag tells oci_new_descriptor() to initialize new LOB descriptor.
OCI_DTYPE_ROWID (integer)
This flag tells oci_new_descriptor() to initialize new ROWID descriptor.
OCI_D_FILE (integer)
The same as OCI_DTYPE_FILE.
OCI_D_LOB (integer)
The same as OCI_DTYPE_LOB.
OCI_D_ROWID (integer)
The same as OCI_DTYPE_ROWID.
OCI_SYSOPER (integer)
Used with oci_connect() to connect as SYSOPER using external credentials (oci8.privileged_connect should be enabled for this).
OCI_SYSDBA (integer)
Used with oci_connect() to connect as SYSDBA using external credentials (oci8.privileged_connect should be enabled for this).
OCI_LOB_BUFFER_FREE (integer)
Used with OCI-Lob->flush to free buffers used.
OCI_TEMP_CLOB (integer)
Used with OCI-Lob->writeTemporary to indicate explicilty that temporary CLOB should be created.
OCI_TEMP_BLOB (integer)
Used with OCI-Lob->writeTemporary to indicate explicilty that temporary BLOB should be created.

范例

Example#1 基本查询

<?php

$conn = oci_connect('hr', 'hr', 'orcl');
if (!$conn) {
  $e = oci_error();
  print htmlentities($e['message']);
  exit;
}

$query = 'SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENTS';

$stid = oci_parse($conn, $query);
if (!$stid) {
  $e = oci_error($conn);
  print htmlentities($e['message']);
  exit;
}

$r = oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);
if(!$r) {
  $e = oci_error($stid);
  echo htmlentities($e['message']);
  exit;
}

print '<table border="1">';
while($row = oci_fetch_array($stid, OCI_RETURN_NULLS)) {
  print '<tr>';
     foreach($row as $item) {
       print '<td>'.($item?htmlentities($item):'&nbsp;').'</td>';
     }
     print '</tr>';
}
print '</table>';

oci_close($conn);
?>

Example#2 用绑定变量插入

<?php

// Before running, create the table:
//   CREATE TABLE MYTABLE (mid NUMBER, myd VARCHAR2(20));

$conn = oci_connect('scott', 'tiger', 'orcl');

$query = 'INSERT INTO MYTABLE VALUES(:myid, :mydata)';

$stid = oci_parse($conn, $query);

$id = 60;
$data = 'Some data';

oci_bind_by_name($stid, ':myid', $id);
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ':mydata', $data);

$r = oci_execute($stid);

if($r)
  print "One row inserted";

oci_close($conn);

?>

Example#3 将数据插入到 CLOB 列中

<?php

// Before running, create the table:
//     CREATE TABLE MYTABLE (mykey NUMBER, myclob CLOB);

$conn = oci_connect('scott', 'tiger', 'orcl');

$mykey = 12343;  // arbitrary key for this example;

$sql = "INSERT INTO mytable (mykey, myclob)
        VALUES (:mykey, EMPTY_CLOB())
        RETURNING myclob INTO :myclob";

$stid = oci_parse($conn, $sql);
$clob = oci_new_descriptor($conn, OCI_D_LOB);
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ":mykey", $mykey, 5);
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ":myclob", $clob, -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);
$clob->save("A very long string");

oci_commit($conn);

// Fetching CLOB data

$query = 'SELECT myclob FROM mytable WHERE mykey = :mykey';

$stid = oci_parse ($conn, $query);
oci_bind_by_name($stid, ":mykey", $mykey, 5);
oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);

print '<table border="1">';
while ($row = oci_fetch_array($stid, OCI_ASSOC)) {
  $result = $row['MYCLOB']->load();
  print '<tr><td>'.$result.'</td></tr>';
}
print '</table>';

?>

可以很容易地访问存储过程，就和从命令行访问一样。

Example#4 使用存储过程

<?php
// by webmaster at remoterealty dot com
$sth = oci_parse($dbh, "begin sp_newaddress( :address_id, '$firstname',
 '$lastname', '$company', '$address1', '$address2', '$city', '$state',
 '$postalcode', '$country', :error_code );end;");

// This calls stored procedure sp_newaddress, with :address_id being an
// in/out variable and :error_code being an out variable.
// Then you do the binding:

   oci_bind_by_name($sth, ":address_id", $addr_id, 10);
   oci_bind_by_name($sth, ":error_code", $errorcode, 10);
   oci_execute($sth);

?>

连接处理

OCI8 扩展提供了 3 个不同函数来连接 Oracle。取决于用户来使用对自己的应用程序最合适的函数。本节的信息有助于用户作出合适的选择。

连接到 Oracle 服务器从所需的时间上来讲是个相当花费的操作。oci_pconnect() 函数使用了一个连接的持久缓冲区，可以被不同的脚本请求重复使用。这意味着通常在每个 PHP 进程（或 Apache 子进程）中只需要连接一次。

如果应用程序连接 Oracle 时对每个 web 用户都使用了不同的认证信息，则由 oci_pconnect() 使用的持久缓冲区就用处不大了，因为随着并发用户的增加，到某个程度后会由于要保持太多的空闲连接而对 Oracle 服务器的整体性能起到逆反的影响。如果应用程序是这样的架构，建议要么用 oci8.max_persistent 和 oci8.persistent_timeout 配置选项（此二者可以使用户控制持久连接缓冲区的大小和生命周期）来协调应用程序，要么用 oci_connect() 来连接。

oci_connect() 和 oci_pconnect() 都使用了一个连接缓冲区。如果在某个脚本中用同样的参数多次调用 oci_connect()，则第二个和之后的调用会返回已有的连接句柄。oci_connect() 使用的连接缓冲区会在脚本执行完毕后或者明确地关闭了连接句柄时被清空。oci_pconnect() 有相似的行为，不过其缓冲区独立地维持着并在不同请求之间都存活着。

要记住此缓冲特性，因为它使两个句柄没有在事务级隔离开来（事实上是同一个连接句柄，因此没有任何方式的隔离）。如果应用程序需要两个独立的，事务级隔离的连接，应该使用 oci_new_connect()。

oci_new_connect() 总是创建一个到 Oracle 服务器的新连接，不管其它连接是否已经存在。高流量的 web 应用应该避免使用 oci_new_connect()，尤其是在程序最忙的部分。

驱动程序支持的数据类型

用 oci_bind_by_name() 函数绑定参数时支持以下类型
类型 映射
SQLT_NTY 映射到一个来自 PHP collection 对象的本地 collection 类型，例如由 oci_new_collection() 创建的。
SQLT_BFILEE 映射到一个本地的 descriptor，例如由 oci_new_descriptor() 创建的。
SQLT_CFILEE 映射到一个本地的 descriptor，例如由 oci_new_descriptor() 创建的。
SQLT_CLOB 映射到一个本地的 descriptor，例如由 oci_new_descriptor() 创建的。
SQLT_BLOB 映射到一个本地的 descriptor，例如由 oci_new_descriptor() 创建的。
SQLT_RDD 映射到一个本地的 descriptor，例如由 oci_new_descriptor() 创建的。
SQLT_NUM 将 PHP 参数转换为 C 语言的 long 类型，并绑定为其值。
SQLT_RSET 映射到一个本地的 statement 句柄，例如由 oci_parse() 创建或从其它 OCI 查询取得的。
SQLT_CHR 以及任何其它类型 将 PHP 参数转换为字符串类型并绑定为字符串。
在从结果集中取得列时支持以下类型
类型 映射
SQLT_RSET 创建一个 oci statement 资源来代表指针。
SQLT_RDD 创建一个 ROWID 对象。
SQLT_BLOB 创建一个 LOB 对象。
SQLT_CLOB 创建一个 LOB 对象。
SQLT_BFILE 创建一个 LOB 对象。
SQLT_LNG 限制为 SQLT_CHR，返回为字符串。
SQLT_LBI 限制为 SQLT_BIN，返回为字符串。
任何其它类型 限制为 SQLT_CHR，返回为字符串。

Table of Contents



oci_bind_array_by_name> <overload
Last updated: Mon, 26 Nov 2007
 
add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
OCI8
alvaro at demogracia dot com
10-Jun-2008 07:24
If you've followed the instructions and you can't even connect to the DB server, welcome to the Oracle hell. Most of the information you'll find is deprecated, incomplete, not for your platform, unnecessary or just plain wrong.

Typically, you won't need at all those complicate setups you'll read about and they'll probably make things harder. I suggest you get Systernal's "Filemon" utility (for Windows, in Unix you may do with strace) and find out what exact config files and DLLs are being tried by php.exe (or httpd.exe if PHP runs as Apache module or...). Pretty often, the issue is that (e.g.) TNSNAMES.ORA does not have the correct line ending or Apache is looking for a DLL that does not even exist in your hard disc; learning that prevents you to waste time adding more and more useless environmental variables.

Goog luck.
christopher dot jones at oracle dot com
18-Jun-2007 12:25
There are several good books on PHP and Oracle available - search your favorite bookstore.  There is also a free book from Oracle "The Underground PHP and Oracle Manual" that covers the OCI8 extension: http://otn.oracle.com/tech/php/pdf/underground-php-oracle-manual.pdf
(free registration for OTN required, IIRC). Disclaimer: I'm one of its authors.
James VL
01-Mar-2007 02:49
re: Andrei Kubar

I was using Oracle Instant Client on Windows XP, and was getting the

PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library 'C:\php\ext\php_oci8.dll' - The specified module could not be found.

error at startup, even though I had done all (most?) of the PHP and Oracle setup routines.

For me it wasn't the lack of mfc*.dll files, but a simple PATH issue: in addition to defining the environment variable TNS_ADMIN, I had to include my instant client directory in my PATH.
darkstar_ae at hotmail dot com
26-Apr-2005 01:39
When fetching associative arrays, use uppercase string indices. It appears the PHP OCI Library is less lenient with the field names returned by Oracle.

e.g.

echo $row['field1']; // This won't return anything.

as opposed to:

echo $row['FIELD1'];
edahnke at consultant dot com
09-Jan-2002 04:01
Here's a little snipet that shows how to insert multiple clob fields. Worked for me.

$dbh = OCILogon($dst_user_name, $dst_password, $dst_db_name);

for($i = 0; $i < $src_rec_cnt; $i++) {
    $query = "insert into bid (id,time,resume,experience,comments) values ('$id[$i]','$time[$i]',empty_clob(),empty_clob(),empty_clob()) returning  resume,experience,comments into :resume,:experience,:comments";

    $stmt = OCIParse($dbh, $query);

    $clob1 = OCINewDescriptor($dbh, OCI_D_LOB);
    $clob2 = OCINewDescriptor($dbh, OCI_D_LOB);
    $clob3 = OCINewDescriptor($dbh, OCI_D_LOB);
   
    OCIBindByName ($stmt, ":resume", &$clob1, -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
    OCIBindByName ($stmt, ":experience", &$clob2, -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
    OCIBindByName ($stmt, ":comments", &$clob3, -1, OCI_B_CLOB);

    OCIExecute($stmt, OCI_DEFAULT);
   
    @$clob1->save ($resume[$i]);
    @$clob2->save ($experience[$i]);
    @$clob3->save ($comments[$i]);
   
    OCICommit($dbh);
doug at redhive dot com
20-Jul-2001 05:38
if you feel like you have too many oracle statements clouding up your php, i came up with a function to open a connection (if necessary), parse your sql statement, and return the executed query.  after you call the function, you can do whatever needs to be done.  makes like so much simpler: (do whatever you want with the errors)

function execute_query($query, &$connected) {
    global $ORACLE_USER, $ORACLE_PASS, $ORACLE_SID;

    if(!$connected) {
        $connected = @OCIPLogon($ORACLE_USER, $ORACLE_PASS,  $ORACLE_SID);

        if($error = OCIError()) {
            die("<font color=red>ERROR!! Couldn't connect to server!</font>");
        }
    }

    $stmt = @OCIParse($connected, $query);
    if($error = OCIError($cn))    {
        die("<font color=red>ERROR!! Statement syntax error!</font>");
    }

    @OCIExecute($stmt);
    if($error = OCIError($stmt)) {
        die("<font color=red>ERROR!! Could not execute statement!</font>");
    }

    return $stmt;
}
jasendorf at lcounty dot com
24-May-2001 06:48
VERY IMPORTANT!  OCIPLogon only keeps a persistent connection if you are running PHP as a module.  This is particularly important to Windows users who are used to running PHP as a CGI.
junk at netburp dot com
19-Oct-2000 05:39
Here's a clue about rowid.

Don't forget about the oracle functions:

"rowidtochar" and "chartorowid"

"select rowidtochar(rowid) as FOO from table ...."

When you want to pass the rowid in a form or link, that's
the only way to go.
add a note add a note

oci_bind_array_by_name> <overload
Last updated: Mon, 26 Nov 2007
 
 
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