Конструкторы и деструкторы
I recently began updating my code to PHP 5 standands by adding the visibility prefaces: public, protected, private. I then discovered that serialized objects from the database weren't updated as I thought they would be.
Before updating:
[code]
object(Foo) {
["bar"]=>
string(0) "banana"
}
[/code]
After adding visibility and viewing an unserialized Foo object:
[code]
object(Foo) {
["bar:protected"]=>
string(0) ""
["bar"]=>
string(6) "banana"
}
[/code]
During unserlialization, it seems to have created two different "bar" variables.. one public and one protected.
Any idea why PHP would be doing this? It completely messes up my framework.
Thanks.
Область видимости
Область видимости свойства или метода может быть определена путем использования следующих ключевых слов в объявлении: public, protected или private. Доступ к свойствам и методам классам, объявленным как public (общедоступный), может происходить из любого места. Модификатор protected (защищенный) позволяет иметь доступ наследуемым и родительским классам (а, также классу, в котором определен сам член класса). Модификатор private (закрытый) ограничивает область видимости так, что только класс, где объявлен сам элемент, имеет к нему доступ.
Область видимости свойств
Свойства класса должны быть определены через модификаторы public, private, или protected.
Пример #1 Объявление свойства класса
<?php
/**
* Определение MyClass
*/
class MyClass
{
public $public = 'Общий';
protected $protected = 'Защищенный';
private $private = 'Закрытый';
function printHello()
{
echo $this->public;
echo $this->protected;
echo $this->private;
}
}
$obj = new MyClass();
echo $obj->public; // Работает
echo $obj->protected; // Неисправимая ошибка
echo $obj->private; // Неисправимая ошибка
$obj->printHello(); // Выводит Общий, Защищенный и Закрытый
/**
* Определение MyClass2
*/
class MyClass2 extends MyClass
{
// Мы можем переопределить public и protected методы, но не private
protected $protected = 'Защищенный2';
function printHello()
{
echo $this->public;
echo $this->protected;
echo $this->private;
}
}
$obj2 = new MyClass2();
echo $obj2->public; // Работает
echo $obj2->private; // Неопределен
echo $obj2->protected; // Неисправимая ошибка
$obj2->printHello(); // Выводит Общий, Защищенный2 и Закрытый
?>
Замечание: Метод объявления переменной через ключевое слово var, принятый в PHP 4, до сих пор поддерживается в целях совместимости (как синоним ключевого слова public). В версиях PHP 5 ниже 5.1.3 такое использование выводит предупреждение E_STRICT.
Область видимости метода
Методы класса должны быть определены через модификаторы public, private, или protected. Методы, где определение модификатора отсутствует, определяются как public.
Пример #2 Объявление метода
<?php
/**
* Определение MyClass
*/
class MyClass
{
// Объявление общедоступного конструктора
public function __construct() { }
// Объявление общедоступного метода
public function MyPublic() { }
// Объявление защищенного метода
protected function MyProtected() { }
// Объявление закрытого метода
private function MyPrivate() { }
// Это общедоступный метод
function Foo()
{
$this->MyPublic();
$this->MyProtected();
$this->MyPrivate();
}
}
$myclass = new MyClass;
$myclass->MyPublic(); // Работает
$myclass->MyProtected(); // Неисправимая ошибка
$myclass->MyPrivate(); // Неисправимая ошибка
$myclass->Foo(); // Работает общий, защищенный и закрытый
/**
* Определение MyClass2
*/
class MyClass2 extends MyClass
{
// Это общедоступный метод
function Foo2()
{
$this->MyPublic();
$this->MyProtected();
$this->MyPrivate(); // Неисправимая ошибка
}
}
$myclass2 = new MyClass2;
$myclass2->MyPublic(); // Работает
$myclass2->Foo2(); // Работает общий и защищенный, закрытый не работает
class Bar
{
public function test() {
$this->testPrivate();
$this->testPublic();
}
public function testPublic() {
echo "Bar::testPublic\n";
}
private function testPrivate() {
echo "Bar::testPrivate\n";
}
}
class Foo extends Bar
{
public function testPublic() {
echo "Foo::testPublic\n";
}
private function testPrivate() {
echo "Foo::testPrivate\n";
}
}
$myFoo = new foo();
$myFoo->test(); // Bar::testPrivate
// Foo::testPublic
?>
add a note
User Contributed NotesОбласть видимости
ted-talks at codeoflife dot ca
26-May-2008 11:31
26-May-2008 11:31
omnibus at omnibus dot edu dot pl
13-Dec-2007 10:34
13-Dec-2007 10:34
Please note that if a class has a protected variable, a subclass cannot have the same variable redefined private (must be protected or weaker). It seemed to be logical for me as a subsubclass would not know if it could see it or not but even if you declare a subclass to be final the restriction remains.
phpdoc at povaddict dot com dot ar
12-Oct-2007 03:52
12-Oct-2007 03:52
Re: ference at super_delete_brose dot co dot uk
"If eval() is the answer, you’re almost certainly asking the wrong question."
<?php
eval('$result = $this->'.$var.';'); //wrong
$result = $this->$var; //right way
$var = "foo";
$this->var = "this will assign to member called 'var'.";
$this->$var = "this will assign to member called 'foo'.";
?>
Joshua Watt
30-May-2007 03:09
30-May-2007 03:09
I couldn't find this documented anywhere, but you can access protected and private member varaibles in different instance of the same class, just as you would expect
i.e.
<?php
class A
{
protected $prot;
private $priv;
public function __construct($a, $b)
{
$this->prot = $a;
$this->priv = $b;
}
public function print_other(A $other)
{
echo $other->prot;
echo $other->priv;
}
}
class B extends A
{
}
$a = new A("a_protected", "a_private");
$other_a = new A("other_a_protected", "other_a_private");
$b = new B("b_protected", "ba_private");
$other_a->print_other($a); //echoes a_protected and a_private
$other_a->print_other($b); //echoes b_protected and ba_private
$b->print_other($a); //echoes a_protected and a_private
?>
ference at super_delete_brose dot co dot uk
23-May-2007 01:10
23-May-2007 01:10
Sometimes you may wish to have all members of a class visible to other classes, but not editable - effectively read-only.
In this case defining them as public or protected is no good, but defining them as private is too strict and by convention requires you to write accessor functions.
Here is the lazy way, using one get function for accessing any of the variables:
<?php
class Foo {
private $a;
private $b;
private $c;
private $d;
private $e;
private $f;
public function __construct() {
$this->a = 'Value of $a';
$this->b = 'Value of $b';
$this->c = 'Value of $c';
$this->d = 'Value of $d';
$this->e = 'Value of $e';
$this->f = 'Value of $f';
}
/* Accessor for all class variables. */
public function get($what) {
$result = FALSE;
$vars = array_keys(get_class_vars('Foo'));
foreach ($vars as $var) {
if ($what == $var) {
eval('$result = $this->'.$var.';');
return $result;
}
}
return $result;
}
}
class Bar {
private $a;
public function __construct() {
$foo = new Foo();
var_dump($foo->get('a')); // results in: string(11) "Value of $a"
}
}
$bar = new Bar();
?>
nanocaiordo at gmail dot com
08-Apr-2007 09:49
08-Apr-2007 09:49
If you always thought how can you use a private method in php4 classes then try the following within your class.
<?php
function private_func($func)
{
$this->file = __FILE__;
if (PHPVERS >= 43) {
$tmp = debug_backtrace();
for ($i=0; $i<count($tmp); ++$i) {
if (isset($tmp[$i]['function'][$func])) {
if ($this->file != $tmp[$i]['file']) {
trigger_error('Call to a private method '.__CLASS__.'::'.$func.' in '.$tmp[$i]['file'], E_USER_ERROR);
}
}
}
}
}
?>
Then inside the private function add:
<?php
function foo() {
$this->private_func(__FUNCTION__);
# your staff goes here
}
?>
Alex
15-Mar-2007 01:33
15-Mar-2007 01:33
Uh... to atitthaker at gmail dot com -- It is *meant* to be available under C as well, since A is a superclass of C, and any proctected methods in a superclass is always available to a subclass, no matter how many "generations" you have to traverse, it is available to C.
atitthaker at gmail dot com
01-Mar-2007 05:34
01-Mar-2007 05:34
<?
class A
{
protected $b=20;
private $a=10;
//protected method and shall not be accessible under class C
protected function access()
{
print("here");
}
}
class B extends A
{
public function test()
{
$this->access() ;
}
}
class C extends B
{
function temp()
{
$this->access(); // access variable and prints "here"
}
}
$abc= new C();
$abc->temp();
?>
Above code shall generate error as protected method of class A is accessible in class C which is directly not inheriting class A.
stephane at harobed dot org
23-Aug-2006 05:22
23-Aug-2006 05:22
A class A static public function can access to class A private function :
<?php
class A {
private function foo()
{
print("bar");
}
static public function bar($a)
{
$a->foo();
}
}
$a = new A();
A::bar($a);
?>
It's working.
kakugo at kakugo dot com
13-Jul-2006 06:19
13-Jul-2006 06:19
This refers to previous notes on protected members being manipulated externally:
It is obvious that if you were to allow methods the option of replacing protected variables with external ones it will be possible, but there is no reason not to simply use a protected method to define these, or not to write the code to allow it. Just because it is possible doesn't mean it's a problem, it simply does not allow you to be lax on the security of the class.
LoN_Kamikaze at gmx dot de
28-Mar-2006 05:26
28-Mar-2006 05:26
About the previous note:
Of course you cannot declare public attributes/methods private, because it can break code relying on access to such an attribute/method. But of course your children can override private with protected/public.
c3 at epetersen dot org
07-Feb-2006 09:50
07-Feb-2006 09:50
Note that you cannot change visibility in a child defined in the parent:
class A {
public function f() {}
}
class B extends A {
private function f() {}
}
Produces Fatal error: Access level to B::f() must be public (as in class A) in ...
jfk, visibility != security. Visibility prevents programmers from doing dumb things like:
class A {
private function __construct() {}
final public static &factory() { return new A(); }
}
$x = new A();
The use of "protected" as an identifier is unfortunate tradition as it really means "only me and my decedents" (and in the odd case of PHP my ancestors too).
r dot wilczek at web-appz dot de
05-Jan-2006 09:11
05-Jan-2006 09:11
Beware: Visibility works on a per-class-base and does not prevent instances of the same class accessing each others properties!
<?php
class Foo
{
private $bar;
public function debugBar(Foo $object)
{
// this does NOT violate visibility although $bar is private
echo $object->bar, "\n";
}
public function setBar($value)
{
// Neccessary method, for $bar is invisible outside the class
$this->bar = $value;
}
public function setForeignBar(Foo $object, $value)
{
// this does NOT violate visibility!
$object->bar = $value;
}
}
$a = new Foo();
$b = new Foo();
$a->setBar(1);
$b->setBar(2);
$a->debugBar($b); // 2
$b->debugBar($a); // 1
$a->setForeignBar($b, 3);
$b->setForeignBar($a, 4);
$a->debugBar($b); // 3
$b->debugBar($a); // 4
?>
gugglegum at gmail dot com
02-Sep-2005 06:14
02-Sep-2005 06:14
Private visibility actually force members to be not inherited instead of limit its visibility. There is a small nuance that allows you to redeclare private member in child classes.
<?php
class A
{
private $prop = 'I am property of A!';
}
class B extends A
{
public $prop = 'I am property of B!';
}
$b = new B();
echo $b->prop; // "I am property of B!"
?>
Miguel <miguel at lugopolis dot net>
21-Jul-2005 11:10
21-Jul-2005 11:10
A note about private members, the doc says "Private limits visibility only to the class that defines the item" this says that the following code works as espected:
<?php
class A {
private $_myPrivate="private";
public function showPrivate()
{
echo $this->_myPrivate."\n";
}
}
class B extends A {
public function show()
{
$this->showPrivate();
}
}
$obj=new B();
$obj->show(); // shows "private\n";
?>
this works cause A::showPrivate() is defined in the same class as $_myPrivate and has access to it.